Sunday, February 26, 2017

The Student and Distance Education



Chapter 7

The Student and Distance Education

1.        White Collar Workers:  Assess to distance education is easier and more flexible. 

 

2.        Blue Collar Workers: Assess to distance education is more complicated by work schedules and limited access to the resources necessary to participate in distance learning. 

 

3.       P12 Learners:  Younger learners in P12 setting.  Not necessarily in distance class by choice.

 

4.       Synchronous Class Time:  Similar to on-campus, face to face arrangement.  All the members of the class are together at the same time regardless of the technology.

 

5.       Asynchronous Class Time:  Class meeting time is unique.  Everyone does not have to be at the class at the same time.  Class is for very busy people who are unable to rearrange their schedules.

 

6.       Just in time learning:  Provides modularized, online instruction so that it is continuously available.

 

7.        Millennial Generation:  Person born between 1982 and 2005; multitasking experts; builders of new institutions that work. 

 

8.       Netiquette:  showing courtesy for the learning needs of others with respect to the technology.

 

9.         Learning Experience:  Teaching and learning.

 

10.   Real time:  Distance education that is offered to learners in multiple locations, at the same time.

 

Websites

 

Roles of Student and Teachers in Distance Education


This website discusses the student and teacher role using the Constructivist Approach.

 

National Center for Education Statistics


This website provides information on number and percentage of students enrolled in degree-granting postsecondary institutions, by distance education participation, and level of enrollment. 

 

Teaching the Millennials


 This website discusses how to use technology to enhance, not change good teaching with the millennials.

 

 

https://www.slideshare.net/AngelJones14/chapter-7-the-student-and-distance-education


 

 

1 Identify characteristics of the distant student.

Characteristics of distant students consist of attitude, interest, prior experience, cognitive abilities and learning styles. 

2.  Explain responsibilities of the instructor for ensuring student participation.

The responsibility of the instructor is to create a classroom culture that promotes shared learning experiences and teamwork.

3.  Describe the responsibilities of the student in a synchronous class.

Synchronous class is an on-campus, or face to face class, where all students together at the same time. Students need to make sure that they are on time for class and must be able to stay on task.  Class participation will enhance the learning for each student.  Assignment should be complete in a timely manner and submitted to the instructor by which is requested.   When taking a distance education course students are responsible for their own learning. 

4.   Describe the responsibilities of the student in an asynchronous class

Asynchronous class is unique in which all students do not have class at the same time.  Students will arrange time attend class on a regular basis.  It is the students responsibility to adjust their schedule to meet the needs of the course requirements.  Students must also follow guidelines in online discussion participation.  Class participation will also enhance the learning of students and students are responsible for their own learning.

 


Teaching and Distance Education


Teaching and Distance Education

Chapter 6

1.Just-in-time-learning:  Provides instruction in the form of online modules specific to the topic.

2. Course Management System:  Offers components that structure the resources for delivery.

3. Copyright:  The exclusive legal right, given to an originator or an assignee to print, publish, perform, film, or record literary, artistic, or musical material, and to authorize others to do the same:

4. TEACH Act:  Provides guidelines related to the use of multimedia in courses offered at distance.

5.  Plagiarism:  The practice of taking someone else's work or ideas and passing them off as one's own.

6.  Distributed learning is an instructional model that allow instructor, students and content to be located in different noncentralized locations so that instruction and learning occur independent of place and time.

7.  Hybrid:  Online activities substitute for a portion of actual seat time in a conventional face to face course.  

8.  Rigor:   The quality of instruction. 

9.  Resources:  Equipment and materials available for students use. 

https://www.slideshare.net/AngelJones14/chapter-6-teaching-and-distance-education

Websites

Building Strong Virtual Learning Communities


This website discusses various ways to add instructor presence in an online environment.


Conducting Distance Education Effectively


This website provides a 101 about distance education.  It also discusses how distance education is just like any other class. Effort should be made to learn as much as possible about everyone’s experiences, backgrounds, learning styles, and what they want to get out of the class, and the activities and lessons need to reflect that.

Sample Distance Education Policy & Contract Language

https://www.aaup.org/issues/copyright-distance-education-intellectual-property/sample-policy-language

This website provides you with a clear meaning of the language in a DE policy.

http://www.livebinders.com/edit/index/2143571?tabid=d374f297-5739-8802-c069-d70ed76c599d

 

 

 
A Change Agent
As a Change Agent of Teaching and Distance Education I would restructure my instructions to model the guidelines for involving students in their learning experience.  Theses guide includes, communicating with the students, allowing student to collaborate, provide active learning experiences, provide prompt feedback, set high expectations and respect the diversity of each student.  I will continue to provide a syllabus to help them understand their responsibility for the course.  I will also provide additional information on how and when I can be contacted.

As a Change Agent, I would also create a learning community to provide the students with a classroom culture that promotes shared learning experiences and teamwork.  Creating a learning community will aide in facilitating active learning practices such as hands on activities, small group discussion, and presentations.  I will use instructional resources to enhance the quality of learning making sure I am using media that suits the instruction. 

As a Change Agent, I will make student aware of how they will be assessed.  Students will also be provided with feedback from the assessment to provide the them with the knowledge of their progress to make improvements if needed.  This will provide all students the ability to be successful. 


Instructioanl Design for Distance Eduation


Chapter 5

Instructional Design for Distance Education

1.  Unit Model Topic: UMT approach is based on best practices in course design and delivery.

2.  Thread Discussion:  Instructors post questions related to reading, viewing, and or listening to assignments, then students post comments in a discussion area. 

3.  Orienting Context: Students reason for being in a course

4.  Instructional Context:  The learning environment

5.  Transfer Context:  How the knowledge will be used by students. 

6.  Place-Shifted: Synchronous but are not in the same location.

7.  Time-Shifted:  Asynchronous, where students access the class at different time.

8.  Course Management System: Learning management system or virtual learning environments allow students to manage their classes, assignment, activities, quizzes and tests, resources and more in an accessible online environment. 

9.  Proprietary: Single vendor systems are software products that are purchased or licensed from on vendor. (example Blackboard)

10.  Open Source: Free educational software that are maintained by users who implement, modify, and support their system to meet local, specific needs (example Sakai Project and Moodle).

Websites

Best Practices for Designing Distance Education and the U-M-T Approach


This website discusses the What, When and How to Instructional Design.

Selecting Media in Distance Education


This website discusses the different types of media and how and when they should be used.

Designing web-based instruction: A human-computer interaction perspective


This website discusses the design of web-based instruction from an HCI perspective, raising issues which instructors and designers need to consider in the design of web-based instruction and suggesting ways in which instructors and designers can build optimal web instructional sites and pages.

 
Chapter Objectives
1.  Explain why it is important to plan ahead when teaching at a distance.

It is important to plan ahead when teaching at distance to ensure that learning is taking place.  Distance Education is also view as a system; therefore there is a relationship among all components. 

2.  Describe a systematic design process for instructional design.

The systematic design process consists of the learner, the content, the method and material, the environment and technology.

3. Describe the types of learner information to be collected for planning.

Learner information collected for planning consist of ability of the class, potential for learning interactivity, understanding learner characteristics, understanding the orienting context, instructional context, and transfer context.

 4. Explain the decisions about content that need to be made.

The content of a course needs to be sufficient to ensure the entire learning experience will lead to the desired outcome.

5. Explain why it is important to examine teaching strategies and media.

It is important to examine teaching strategies and media so that all the learners are actively engaged.

6. Discuss how technology and resources influence the distance learning environment.

Technology and resources are very important element of the learning environment.  Instructors must be aware how to use all resources effectively.  Once students are able to use the resources the instructor can then reflect on the quality of the lesson. 

7.Discuss the literature dealing with “best practices.”

The literature for best practice offer guidance in the area of  designing and developing distance education. 

8. Design a course using the Unit- Module-Topic model.

3 credit course ; 9 units; 27 modules; 81 topics; 81 learning outcomes

9.  Describe the process for assessment of learning per

1 major assignment per unit and 1 minor assignment per two or three modules.

 

 Change Agent

As a Change  Agent of Instructional Design for Distance Education I will reassess my process of the systematic process to make sure I take into consideration all the components of the model.  To insure a successful learning systems, I must include the learner, content, the method and materials, the environment, technology, and evaluation. 

As a Change Agent I will be more aware about learner, such as the number of students in a class, the nature of the audience, the social, cultural and economic background of the students to create a quality learning experience.  This will also provide me with a means of providing more individualize  instruction.

 

 


http://www.livebinders.com/edit/index/2143571?tabid=d374f297-5739-8802-c069-d70ed76c599d

 

 

Sunday, February 12, 2017

Technologies, the Internet and Distance Education


Technologies, the Internet, and Distance Education Summary

Communication occurs when two or more individual share ideal.  In a distance education environment learners interact with one another and the instructor.  The model of communication starts with the sender and ends with the receiver of message.  Spoken words, pictures or writing is encoded over a channel.  The information is then decoded and delivered to the receiver. 

Real experiences provide the greatest impact and the foundation for learning.

Effective and efficient learning through experience is very important to distance education such as correspondence study, prerecorded media, two-way audio, two audio with graphics, one way live video, two way audio and one way video, two way audio video and desktop two way audio/video. 

The key to success with online classroom is how the technologies are used.    Instructors should assess available instructional technologies, determine the learning outcomes, identify learning experiences and match each to the most appropriate available technology, and preparing for online delivery.

The internet is a meta-network on interconnected networks that share a common language.  Internet based distance education is student centered learning the promotes active learning, collaboration, mastery of course material and student control over the learning process.  The future of internet based learning is in virtual schools, virtual colleges and universities.  Technologies are tools that must be mastered to be effective.
Reflective Practitioner
As a Reflective Practitioner for classroom technologies for online Instruction it is important to remember the key to success is how the technologies are used.  As an online instructor is imperative in selecting appropriate technology.  This process can be done by students completing a survey. Even though many technologies should be as an instructor I would not introduce to many technologies at one time.  I would like for my student to be able to demonstrate an understanding of each technology uses.  As a practitioner, I would again survey my students on preparing for the learning experience for best used strategy for online delivery. 

Chapter 4 Words and Phrases

1.       Communication:  Occurs when two or more individuals wish to share ideas

2.       Cone of Experience:  method of categorizing the ability of media to convey information

3.       Podcast: A .mpg audio file.  Prerecorded single concept lesson, normally audio only.

4.       Broadcast Distance Education:  broadcast over commercial television station

5.       Compressed Video:  Use regular telephone lines to send and receive audio and video signals.

6.       Internet:  Meta network on interconnected networks that share a common language, TCIP-IP

7.       Protocol:  Electronic language that computers use to communicate with one another and exchange data.

8.       Student Centered Learning:  Promotes active learning, collaboration, mastery of course material and student control over the learning process

9.       Distributed Learning:  Allows instructor, students, and contents to be located in different, noncentralized locations so that instructions and learning occur independent.

10.   Open source software:  Freely shared

Websites

·         Two-way communication


This website talks about the working day and conditions, in which workers use two way communications and why.

·         HITS - Hawaiian Interactive Television System

http://www.hawaii.edu/askus/500

This website teaches you how to build a complete digital telecommunication radio that includes of the channels as well as the breakdown of all of the levels and layers.

·         Traditionally delivered courses


This website, explains how traditionally delivered courses is used with students and the environment.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Research and Distance Education


Definitions, History, and Theories of Distance Education Summary

Distance education is developed by four components, institutionally based, separation of teacher and students, interactive telecommunication, and connecting learners, resources, and instructions.  In order for distance education to occur all four components must visible.  Desmond Keegan developed a comprehension definition of distance education by identifying six elements:  1.  Separation of teacher and learner. 2.  Influence of an educational organization.  3.  Use of media to link teacher and learner.  4.  Two-way exchange of communication.  5.  Learners as individuals rather than grouped.  6.  Educators as an industrialized form.  There are several definitions of distance education and more will evolve over the years due to the many different perspectives and the rapid changes of technology. 

Telecommunication networks now circle the globe, linking people from many nations together in novel and exciting ways.  Edward now describe distance education by open learning which emphasizes on needs.  Distance education opportunities are growing rapidly through the use of computer mediated communications and the Internet

The development of new technologies has promoted an astounding growth in distance education.  Keegan classified theories of distance education into three groups:  Theories of independence and autonomy, theories of industrialization of teaching and theories of interaction and communication.    Moore, composed distance education into two elements:  two- way communication and the extent to which a program is responsive to the needs of the individual structure.  There will be a continuous debate on these theories as long as distance education adapts to the change in society. 

Lifelong Learner

A lifelong learner is the "ongoing, voluntary, and self-motivated" pursuit of knowledge for either personal or professional reasons.  As a lifelong learner, I must continue gain knowledge in distance education to keep up with the changes to come.  As seen in chapter 2 the definition of distance technology evolved over the years.  Technology is changing day to day and the only way to be effective in this field is to be a continuous learner.  As a classroom teacher, we are getting from lecturing to facilitating learning.    Technology is becoming the number one resource to use in classrooms

 

Chapter 3 Words and Phrases

1.        Finn, James:  Finally, the most fundamental and most important characteristic of a profession is that the skills involved are found upon a body of intellectual theory and research. 

2.       Anecdotal: Lacks clear reference to theory, and does not use standardized measures to identify outcomes. 

3.       Interaction:  Primary component of any effective DE program

4.       Nonverbal behaviors:  Making eye contact with the camera, using gestures, and using camera angles and shots.

5.       Verbal Behaviors:  Use of humor, frequent positive encouragement, and frequent sharing of personal examples.

6.       Myth:  Invented story

7.       Situational Barriers:  Poor learning environment and lack of time.

8.       Institutional Barriers:  Cost, course scheduling and pacing

9.       Dispositional Barrier: Those related to the attitudes and self-perceptions about one-self as a learner

10.   Epistemological Barrier: Communication apprehension

 

Websites

The Higher Learning Commission


This website provides information on how The Council of Regional Accrediting Commissions works and the roles it plays in Education.

Institute for Higher Education Policy - Quality on the line. Benchmarks for success in Internet-based distance education.


This website, explains how the Institute for Higher Education Policy works and its polices

 

Definitions History, and Theories of Distance Eduction



Definitions, History, and Theories of Distance Education Summary
Distance education is developed by four components, institutionally based, separation of teacher and students, interactive telecommunication, and connecting learners, resources, and instructions.  In order for distance education to occur all four components must visible.  Desmond Keegan developed a comprehension definition of distance education by identifying six elements:  1.  Separation of teacher and learner. 2.  Influence of an educational organization.  3.  Use of media to link teacher and learner.  4.  Two-way exchange of communication.  5.  Learners as individuals rather than grouped.  6.  Educators as an industrialized form.  There are several definitions of distance education and more will evolve over the years due to the many different perspectives and the rapid changes of technology. 

Telecommunication networks now circle the globe, linking people from many nations together in novel and exciting ways.  Edward now describe distance education by open learning which emphasizes on needs.  Distance education opportunities are growing rapidly through the use of computer mediated communications and the Internet

The development of new technologies has promoted an astounding growth in distance education.  Keegan classified theories of distance education into three groups:  Theories of independence and autonomy, theories of industrialization of teaching and theories of interaction and communication.    Moore, composed distance education into two elements:  two- way communication and the extent to which a program is responsive to the needs of the individual structure.  There will be a continuous debate on these theories as long as distance education adapts to the change in society. 

Lifelong Learner

A lifelong learner is the "ongoing, voluntary, and self-motivated" pursuit of knowledge for either personal or professional reasons.  As a lifelong learner, I must continue gain knowledge in distance education to keep up with the changes to come.  As seen in chapter 2 the definition of distance technology evolved over the years.  Technology is changing day to day and the only way to be effective in this field is to be a continuous learner.  As a classroom teacher, we are getting from lecturing to facilitating learning.    Technology is becoming the number one resource to use in classrooms.
 

Chapter 3 Words and Phrases

1.        Finn, James:  Finally, the most fundamental and most important characteristic of a profession is that the skills involved are found upon a body of intellectual theory and research. 

2.       Anecdotal: Lacks clear reference to theory, and does not use standardized measures to identify outcomes. 

3.       Interaction:  Primary component of any effective DE program

4.       Nonverbal behaviors:  Making eye contact with the camera, using gestures, and using camera angles and shots.

5.       Verbal Behaviors:  Use of humor, frequent positive encouragement, and frequent sharing of personal examples.

6.       Myth:  Invented story

7.       Situational Barriers:  Poor learning environment and lack of time.

8.       Institutional Barriers:  Cost, course scheduling and pacing

9.       Dispositional Barrier: Those related to the attitudes and self-perceptions about one-self as a learner

10.   Epistemological Barrier: Communication apprehension

 

Websites

  • The Higher Learning Commission


This website provides information on how The Council of Regional Accrediting Commissions works and the roles it plays in Education.

  • Institute for Higher Education Policy - Quality on the line. Benchmarks for success in Internet-based distance education.


This website, explains how the Institute for Higher Education Policy works and its polices